Linux安装Python

Ubuntu安装指定版本python

这里以3.8.6为例

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install vim -y
vi install_python.sh

# 编写shell脚本
#!/bin/bash
apt install sudo -y
# python的具体版本号
version=3.8.6
# 要安装的路径
install_path=/usr/local/src/python38
#-----可变参数-end-----

echo -e '即将安装python$version'
echo -e '安装路径为$install_path'

# 安装依赖以及升级索引
sudo apt install -y build-essential zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget

# 创建安装目录文件夹
sudo mkdir -p $install_path

# 下载python
echo -e '正在下载'
# 使用官方网址下载--速度可能比较慢
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/$version/Python-$version.tgz
# 使用国内华为镜像源下载python
sudo apt install wget
wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/python/$version/Python-$version.tgz
echo -e "正在解压"
# 静默解压
tar -xzf Python-$version.tgz
# 删除压缩包
echo -e "解压完成，移除压缩包"
rm -rf Python-$version.tgz
echo -e "正在安装"
cd Python-$version
echo -e "配置安装位置"
./configure --prefix=$install_path  
sudo make
sudo make install
echo -e "配置软连接"
sudo ln -s $install_path/bin/python$py_version /usr/bin/python$py_version
sudo ln -s $install_path/bin/pip$py_version /usr/bin/pip$py_version
echo -e "配置环境变量"
sed -i '$a PATH=/usr/local/src/python38/bin:$PATH \nexport PATH' /etc/profile
# 执行命令使配置生效
source /etc/profile
cd ..
sudo rm -rf Python-$version
echo -e "完成安装Python-$version"
# 查看python版本
python3 --version

Centos安装指定版本python

# 更换yum软件源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  
sed -i 's/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
sed -i 's|#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org|baseurl=http://vault.centos.org|g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-*
yum makecache
yum update -y
yum -y install vim

#使用source命令执行脚本
source py_install.sh

#!/bin/bash
# 准备编译环境
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel python36-devel gcc make
# 下载sudo命令
yum install sudo -y
# python的具体版本号
version=3.6.
# 要安装的路径
install_path=/usr/local/src/python38
#-----可变参数-end-----

echo -e '即将安装python$version'
echo -e '安装路径为$install_path'

# 创建安装目录文件夹
sudo mkdir -p $install_path

# 下载python
echo -e '正在下载'
# 使用官方网址下载--速度可能比较慢
# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/$version/Python-$version.tgz
# 使用国内华为镜像源下载python
sudo yum install wget -y
wget https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/python/$version/Python-$version.tgz
echo -e "正在解压"
# 静默解压
tar -xzf Python-$version.tgz
# 删除压缩包
echo -e "解压完成，移除压缩包"
rm -rf Python-$version.tgz
echo -e "正在安装"
cd Python-$version
echo -e "配置安装位置"
./configure --prefix=$install_path  
make && make install
echo -e "配置软连接"
sudo ln -s $install_path/bin/python$py_version /usr/bin/python$py_version
sudo ln -s $install_path/bin/pip$py_version /usr/bin/pip$py_version
echo -e "配置环境变量"
sed -i '$a PATH=/usr/local/src/python38/bin:$PATH \nexport PATH' /etc/bashrc
# 执行命令使配置生效
source /etc/bashrc
cd ..
sudo rm -rf Python-$version
echo -e "完成安装Python-$version"
# 更新pip软件源
pip3 config set global.index-url https://mirror.baidu.com/pypi/simple
pip install --upgrade pip
# 查看python版本
python3

附注无法安装Pillow解决方案：

sudo yum install python36-devel
sudo yum install zlib-devel
sudo yum install libjpeg-turbo-devel